Dreaming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dreaming - Research Paper Example The fantasies can last from a couple of moments to even thirty minutes. Commonly, ordinary people experience an expected three to four dreams, nonetheless, in certain occasions, even seven dreams. Dreams are incredibly pictorial and habitually outlandish in nature. This paper clarifies the authentic, mental and the science behind dream thinking. Individual have strived to comprehend dreams for the hundreds of years around 3000-4000 B.C., In some native social orders, members were unequipped for separating between this present reality and the fantasy world. Individuals from these basic social orders could without much of a stretch pick not to make the separation. These basic social orders apparent that the fantasy area was a solid world and additionally an augmentation of genuine world (Dreammoods, 1) In theâ Roman and Greek age, dreams were seen in a strict point of view. Dreams were believed to be undeviating messages from the dead or from the divine beings. The individuals of that period depended onto their fantasies for explanations what course of bearing to make or on what move to do. They had confidence in dreams anticipated and cautioned the up and coming occasions. Unique love places were even built where people can visit there to rest in the conviction that a message as a fantasy could be conveyed to them. Their confidence in the quality of dreams was ground-breaking to such an extent that it even controlled the deeds of both armed force and political pioneers. In reality, dream interpreters even accompanied armed force pioneers into wars to help with war line of assault (Dreammoods, 1).â â In antiquated Egypt, clerics additionally intervened for the benefit of a fantasy interpreter. The Egyptians recorded their fantasies in hieroglyphics. Individual with explicit lively and essential dreams were claimed to be blessed and were viewed as uncommon. People who had the ability to decipher dreams were profoundly viewed and seen as impeccably talented. Dreaming can be seen as a substantial dwelling where your spirit and soul

Transaction, Operating Accounting Exposures Essay Example Essay Example

Exchange, Operating Accounting Exposures Essay Example Paper Exchange, Operating Accounting Exposures Essay Introduction Exchange, Operating, Accounting (Translation) Exposures Foreign Exchange Exposure †measures the potential for a firm’s productivity, net income, and market an incentive to modify due to an adjustment in return rates. Q: What are the three principle outside trade exposures? A: 1) Transaction Exposure 2) Operating Exposure 3) Accounting Exposure Transaction Exposure †measures changes in the estimation of remarkable monetary commitments caused before an adjustment in return rates. Working Exposure (Economic Exposure, Competitive Exposure, Strategic Exposure) †measures an adjustment in the current estimation of a firm coming about because of any adjustment in future expected working incomes brought about by surprising changes in return rates. Bookkeeping Exposure (Translation Exposure) †measures bookkeeping inferred changes in owner’s value because of deciphering outside cash budget reports into a solitary announcing money. Display 8. 1 [pic] Note: In th e final quarter of 2001 Amazon. om revealed an overall gain of $5 million, due to some extent to a one-time outside money increase of $16 million. Supporting †To take a place that will rise (or fall) in incentive to counterbalance an adjustment in estimation of a current position. |Benefits of Hedging |Costs of Hedging | |Improved the arranging capacity of the firm. |Risk-loath system that benefits the board more than | |Reduced the probability of monetary trouble. I. e. the hazard that cash|shareholders. (I. e. investors can enhance money hazard on an| |flows will fall beneath what is required for obligation installments and continued|â€Å"as needed† premise) | |operations) |Consumes the firm’s assets and expected incomes to the firm | |Management has a similar preferred position over investors. (I. e. |are not expanded. (I. e. gency hypothesis, NPV of supporting is zero, | |understanding the cash danger of the firm and exploit a |and FX misfortunes show up on t he I/S while supporting are covered in | |disequilibrium through specific supporting) |operating and premium costs) | Transaction Exposure Transaction Exposure †measures changes in the estimation of extraordinary monetary commitments brought about before an adjustment in return rates. Exchange presentation can emerge from the accompanying exercises:? Buying or selling remote merchandise and ventures using a loan. Acquiring or loaning in another money.? Remote trade contracts. Display 8. 3 The Life Span of Transaction Exposure [pic] Example Expect to gather? 1,000,000 of every three months on a deal, least adequate worth $1,700,000. Q: What sort of exchange presentation has happened? A: Billing Exposure S0 = $1. 7640/? ES90= $1. 76/? F90= $1. 7540/? iU. K. = 10% every year (2. 5% per quarter) kU. K. = 8% every year (2% per quarter) iU. S. = 8% every year (2% per quarter) kU. S. = 6% every year (1. 5% per quarter) P90ATM = $1. 75 (1. 5% premium) P90OTM = $1. 71 (1% premium) Exchange, Operating Accounting Exposures Essay Body Paragraphs Note: ES90 is the evaluated spot rate in a quarter of a year, â€Å"i† is the getting financing cost, and â€Å"k† is the speculation loan fee, P90ATM is an at-the-cash three-month put choice, and P90OTM is an out-of-the-cash multi month put choice. Q: Is the pound expected to acknowledge or deteriorate? A: Depreciate Q: What is the forward premium/markdown on the pound? A: [pic] Q: What are the four choices to fence an exchange presentation? A:1) Remain unhedged 2) Hedge in the forward market 3) Hedge in the currency showcase 4) Hedge in the alternatives advertise 1) Remain unhedged, gather? 1,000,000 out of a quarter of a year at the new spot rate. pic] 2) Hedge in the forward market, gather? 1,000,000 out of a quarter of a year at $1. 7540/?. [pic] 3) Hedge in the currency showcase, acquire? 975,610 today, and trade for dollars at the present spot rate ($1. 7640/? ). Contribute the $1,720,976 for 90 days, and in 90 days take care of the credit + enthusiasm with the? 1,000,000. Q: To develop a currency showcase fence, what amount should the speculator acquire today if the yearly loan cost is 10% and the organization hopes to get? 1,000,000 of every 90 days? A: [pic] Q: At what venture rate is the currency showcase fence better than the forward agreement? A: [pic] pic] Note: Either the forward agreement or the currency advertise support is better than a revealed position if the spot rate at time 2 is not exactly the forward rate. Be that as it may, if the assets can be contributed at anything over 7. 68% (or 1. 92% for 90 days) at that point the currency showcase fence is a superior alternative than the forward agreement. On the off chance that the spot rate at time 2 is more noteworthy than what can be earned by putting the assets in the organization (for this situation the assets are put resources into the organization yielding the company’s WACC of 12% or $1,772,605) at that point the revealed support would be prevalent. 4) Hedge in the choices showcase. An at-the-money[1] (ATM) put choice is selling for a 1. 5% premium. The expense of the choice is (size of the choice) x (premium) x (spot rate) = cost, for this situation? 1,000,000 x 0. 015 x $1. 7640 = $26,460. This is the most extreme misfortune, while the greatest increase is the spot cost †the expense of the alternative. [pic] To look at the other options, first gauge what you expect spot rates to be, at that point gauge a scope of potential costs, and think about your capacity to acknowledge the drawback. At that point select the best system. A few Examples: [pic] Q: Transaction introduction emerges from what? A: Sales and costs that are as of now contracted for. Working Exposure Operating Exposure (Economic Exposure, Competitive Exposure, Strategic Exposure) †measures an adjustment in the current estimation of a firm coming about because of any adjustment in future expected working incomes brought about by surprising changes in return rates. Q: Op erating Exposure relies upon whether a surprising change in return rates causes unexpected changes in what? A: Sales volume, deals costs, or working costs Figure 9. 1 Financial and Operating Cash Flows Between Parent and Subsidiary [pic] Q: What are four proactive approaches to oversee working presentation? A: 1) Matching money incomes 2) Risk-sharing understandings 3) Back-to-back or resemble credits 4) Currency trades Note: Planning for working presentation relies upon the cooperation of procedures in account, promoting, buying, and creation. Bookkeeping (Translation) Exposure Accounting Exposure (Translation Exposure) †measures bookkeeping inferred changes in owner’s value because of deciphering outside cash budget summaries into a solitary announcing money. Q: What are the money related objectives of the worldwide undertaking? A:1) To amplify solidified after-charge salary ) To limit the firm’s compelling worldwide taxation rate 3) To address the situating of the firm’s pay, incomes, and accessible assets. Note: These objectives are regularly observed as conflicting. Utilitarian money †the overwhelm cash utilized by the remote auxiliary in its everyday tasks. Q: What are the two fundamental techniques for the interpretation of outside auxiliary fiscal summaries? A: 1) The present rate technique 2) The transient strategy Current rate technique †a strategy for interpreting the budget summaries of remote subsidiaries into the parent’s revealing money. All benefits and liabilities are interpreted at the present conversion scale. Worldly technique †accept that various individual detail resources, for example, stock and net plant and gear are repeated routinely to reflect showcase esteem. Q: Which technique is the most well-known around the world? A: The present rate technique Q: What are the benefits of the present rate strategy? A: 1) The fluctuation of announced profit because of interpretation additions or misf ortunes is wiped out, in light of the fact that the increase or misfortune on interpretation goes straightforwardly to a hold account (as opposed to going through the salary articulation). ) Does not twist monetary record proportions, for example, the present proportion or obligation to-value proportion (in light of the fact that the overall extents of the individual asset report accounts continue as before. Q: What is the hindrance of the present rate technique? A: 1) It disregards the bookkeeping guideline of conveying asset report accounts at authentic expenses. Q: What is the upside of the fleeting strategy? A: 1) Foreign nonmonetary resources are conveyed at their unique expense in the parent’s combined explanation. Schoolwork Problems Chapter 8 1. Envision one of the organizations from your last task is expecting a $80million installment in one year. The organization likewise anticipates $20million in costs in a single year. Utilize genuine figures or the accompanying: Current spot rate 3. 4x/$ (pattern shows 3. 8x/$ two months prior) Interest rates are 14% in your nation and 4% in the U. S. Forward agreements are excessively costly Based on the present spot rate and relative financing costs, it would be ideal if you exhort your organization on its cash introduction. Section 9 2. Envision one of your organizations will before long be sending out to China. Utilize the accompanying (supplant the $ proportional with your cash at the present spot value): Current deals of 1,000,000 units for each year at a value proportionate to $24 each. Current spot value Rmb8. 2/$, however the H. K. warning will drop the incentive one week from now to Rmb10/$. Direct expenses are 75% of the U. S. dollar deals cost. Tolerating this estimate, prompt the organization on two alternatives: 1) Maintain the equivalent renminbi value (I. e. no adjustment in value) 2) Raise the cost to balance the debasement and experience a 10% drop in unit volume. A) What might be the shor t-run (one year) effect of every procedure? B) Which do you suggest? Discretionary Assignment: (0. 5 support focuses) Prepare a review on the nation you are accomplishing for your last undertaking. (Incorporate GDP, swelling, significant fares/imports, significant stock trade, money, conversion scale, and whatever else you find fascinating and pertinent). use sources like countryreports.

Essay Topic - Outliers

Essay Topic - OutliersIf you are writing an essay, whether for college or personal use, you are likely to come across several outliers essay topics. If you have already done this, you probably know what to expect when it comes to the content of your essay and how it will be graded.Outliers essay topics are usually the ones that people overlook the most. This is not surprising because these types of essays are normally written in a style of their own. These are the essays that are not as common as other essay topics.Outliers are exactly what they sound like; these essays are written in a manner that deviates from the norm. They may be too unique, humorous, or shocking to be included in any standard student-written essay. However, if you take the time to learn about the style and techniques used by the writer of the piece, you may find one that you enjoy.For example, consider outlier essay topics that are written in an unusual manner. While many students consider this to be challenging to write, it is possible to do in fact even if you are not good at this. The key to making this type of essay work is to figure out a way to present the topic in an unconventional way that won't make the reader lose interest in your essay. Once you have the introduction of the material in place, you are ready to set the tone of the entire essay.If you want to get more information on the concept of outliers essay topics, there are many resources available online to help you get started. This type of essay is more than just writing something that is different from everyone else; the essay must stand out as being one of a kind. It can also be difficult to complete, but those who try will reap the rewards of this challenging and interesting form of writing.Another way to make use of outliers essay topics is to write about something you have never written about before. When writing about an area of interest, you need to include information that is different from what others have done be fore. In this way, you can explore new territory and push the envelope of traditional writing. You may even be surprised by how interesting and unique this experience is for you.While many students think outliers essay topics are challenging to write, the reality is that this type of writing is actually quite simple. The most important thing to remember when looking for the best essay topics is to remember to write about something different and unexpected. It may take some experimentation, but over time you will discover different pieces that you enjoy doing the most.Outliers essay topics are not as challenging as they may seem. They are usually writing styles that are unique and original; this is part of what makes them such a challenge.

About the Perseid Meteor Shower

The Perseid meteor shower is one of the best-known showers in the year. Its one of the great astronomy events of Northern Hemisphere summer and Southern Hemisphere winter. It begins in late July and extends halfway through August, peaking around August 11 or 12th. When conditions are good, you might be able to see dozens of meteors per hour. It all really depends on the weather and what part of the meteor stream Earth moves through each year. Also, the viewing is best when theres no interference from the Moon, although you can still see the brighter meteors as they flash through the sky.   This year (2017) the peak of the shower occurs not long after full moon, so its light will wash out the view of the dimmer meteors. You will likely see a few bright meteors during this time, but dont buy into the hype about the best, the brightest shower.   Its hype and probably clickbait. Do your viewing armed with reasonable expectations and you will be rewarded (unless its cloudy).   What Causes the Perseids? The Perseid meteor shower is really material left behind by Comet Swift-Tuttle. It passes through our part of the solar system every 133 years. As it travels, this icy dirtball leaves behind tiny grains of ice, dust, rock, and other debris, similar to a messy tourist scattering debris from an automobile. As Earth makes its trip around the Sun, it passes through this debris field with some spectacular results, which we know as the Perseids. As Earth moves through the stream — which can stretch across 14 million to 120 million kilometers of interplanetary space —   its gravity interacts with the particles and spreads the stream out. As the comet passes by, it releases new bursts of particles, constantly refreshing the supply of material that will eventually collide with Earths atmosphere. The stream changes constantly, and this affects future Perseid meteor shower events. Sometimes Earth passes through rather thick areas of the stream, and that results in a heavy meteor shower. Other times, it traverses a thin part of the stream, and we dont see quite so many meteors.   Although there are many meteor showers annually, such as the Leonids, Lyrids, and Geminids, to name a few, the Perseid shower is the most reliable, and can be very spectacular if conditions are right. How it looks depends on several factors — ranging from whether the Moon is nearby (and bright enough to wash out the view) — to what part of the stream Earth encounters. The stream is not uniformly thick with particles, so some years the supply of materials might be less than others. In any given year, observers see anywhere from 50 to 150 meteors an hour on average, increasing at times to around 400 to 1,000 per hour.   The Perseid meteor shower, like other meteor showers, is named after the constellation from which it appears to radiate:  Perseus  (named after a Greek mythological hero)  which is located near Cassiopeia, the Queen. This is also called the radiant, since that is the direction the meteors seem to travel from as they streak across the sky. How Do I View the Perseid Meteor Shower? Meteor showers are easier to view than many other astronomical objects or events. All you need is a fairly dark location and a blanket or lawn chair. Always make sure you have a jacket handy, even if you live in a warm weather climate. Viewing late at night and early in the morning can expose you to some chilly temperatures. It may be useful to have a star chart  to help you locate Perseus, and other constellations while you’re watching, but it’s not a necessity. The shower is active from mid-July each year  when Earth enters the outer edges of the Swift-Tuttle stream.  The best viewing time varies but is often between 2:00 and 4:00 a.m. around the 12th of August. The actual peak time ranges from the 9th to the 14th and then tapers off after that. For August 2017, the best viewing time is after midnight early in the morning of August 12th. There will be some interference from the Moon, which will be just past full. But, you should still be able to see the brightest ones. Also, start watching a few nights before and continue a few nights after; Perseids happen for nearly three weeks. Find a good, safe viewing area where you can get a clear view of the sky. Arrive early to set up, and  give yourself time to adjust your eyes to the darkness. Then, just sit (or lie) back, relax, and enjoy the show. Most of the meteors will appear to radiate from the constellation Perseus, and streak across the sky. As you gaze, make note of the colors of the meteors as they streak through the sky. If you see bolides (larger streaks), note how long they take to traverse the sky  and notice their colors, too. The Perseids can be a very rewarding observing experience for anybody — from younger children to experienced stargazers.   Edited and expanded by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Economic Impact Of Tourism On Economic Impact On Tourism

Literature Review A summary of literature on economic impact of tourism has been depicted throughout this review to explore the methodologies used and their uses in estimating the economic impact of tourism. There is a need to conduct economic impact analysis of tourism – as tourism activity cannot be regarded as an isolated economic activity. A number of authors have contributed towards the area of EIA and have employed several methodologies covering input-output model, Keynesian multiplier model, social accounting matrix model and computable general equilibrium modelling The review search strategy was supplemented by making reference to existing literature reviews in the area of economic impact assessment (Reeves, 2002; Mazumder, Al-Amin†¦show more content†¦The findings of the study confirmed the cultural sector was a significant employer, and it highlighted differential earnings across the sector and  £5 billion was estimated to be generated through consumer expenditure (Reeves, 2002:9). In The Economic Importance of the Arts in Great Britain Myerscough (1988) demonstrated, through use of the multiplier, that direct spending on the arts led to spending in other sectors of the economy, which in turn enhanced wealth and job creation, and made cities appear more attractive to citizen and companies. The author points out some of the far-reaching impacts on the cultural sector and increased need for public funding. Policymakers have argued cultural industries can make an effective contribution to wealth creation, invisible exports and employment. Their potential for transforming many areas of existing practice, inspiring new producers, and for providing skills and competencies such as innovation, originality, creativity and problem-solving which could be effectively fostered for regional and local economies, was increasingly recognised (Reeves, 2002:10). Section Two - Visitor Spending Tourism has grown rapidly in the last two decades

Holistic Marketing - 2527 Words

MKTG208 – Holistic Marketing Define and discuss the concept of holistic marketing. Your discussion should include the following: 1. Describe and analyze the ways holistic marketing can assist organizations to connect with customers. 2. Explain how holistic marketing can build brand/s. 3. Explain how holistic marketing can deliver and communicate value. The Holistic Marketing concept is based on the development, design and implementation of marketing programs, processes and activities that recognise their breadth and interdependencies. It is thus an approach that attempts to recognise and reconcile the scope and complexities of marketing activities (Kotler et. al, 2009). Holistic marketing recognises that the quality of†¦show more content†¦For example, Westfield shopping centres only operate within NSW. Product or brand management is commonly used by organizations that produce a variety of products or brands. An extra level of management is added to supervise the various categories or product areas that the business operates in. This presents an advantage for organizations such as Kraft, as it separates the product categories of cereal, pet food and beverages. (Kotler et. al, 2009) Similarly, instead of separating by product categories, market management organization uses a focus on user groups and market segments. For instance, a firm may sell to individual consumers, business and/or government. Integrated marketing is the coordination and integrating of all marketing communication tools, avenues, and sources within a company into a seamless program that maximises the impact on customers and other stakeholders at a minimal cost. (Kotler et. al, 2009) By directing Internal Integrated Marketing Communications (IIMC) towards their employees, firms are able to promote employee satisfaction, trust and commitment, thereby strengthening the firm-employee relationship and ultimately affecting profitability by enhancing customer satisfaction (Herington, Johnson and Scott 2006). Integrated marketing is based on a strategic marketing plan. The plan coordinates efforts in all components of the marketing mix. A complete integrated marketing plan starts with and incorporates every element of theShow MoreRelatedHolistic Marketing5174 Words   |  21 PagesHOLISTIC MARKETING INTRODUCTION: Holistic Marketing is a term used to describe a strategy that enables you to look at your marketing efforts as a whole , which in turn helps you develop an overall or holistic marketing plan. 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The Breast Screen Program Australia Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Breast Screen Program Australia. Answer: Introduction Breast screen Australia can be defined as the breast cancer screening program. The Breast screen Australia programs objective is to detect unsuspected breast cancer in women at an early stage by the process of screening mammography. The aim of the program is to reduce the number of deaths and illness caused by breast cancer. The aforementioned program entitles women who are aged 40 and above to free screening mammography every two years(Welch, Prorok, OMalley, Kramer, 2016). It has been estimated that breast cancer has affected a majority of women population in Australia and has been identified to be the most common type of cancer which has affected Australian women. According to the results of a survey, it has been identified that in the year 2013,9581 women in the age group of 50-74 in Australia had been diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Breast cancer has been identified as the single most common cause of death of Australian WOMEN after lung cancer. The program, Breast Screen Australia has been well received by the women of Australia and more than fifty percent of the female population in Australia has actively participated to get them screened. However, it can be said that the program has not had much effect on the indigenous population. Participation of Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait islanders in the program, Breast Screen Australia has been significantly low(Oeffinger, et al., 2015). Discussion: Breast Cancer Breast Cancer can be defined as one of the most common types of cancer which originates in the ducts of as well as in the lobules. However, in rare instances breast cancer can also originate in the in the connective tissue which connects the ducts and the lobules of the breast. It can be said that breast cancer happens to be the most common form of cancer affecting an average of one out of four women. However, the prevalence of the disease is more common in developed countries as compared to developing nations(Myers, et al., 2015). It can be said that according to the reports of Australian Institute of Health and Welfare that Breast cancer can be considered to the most common form cancer and which constitutes 28% of the types of cancer affecting women. Occurrence of Breast Cancer has been identified in 124 women per 10000 women in Australia(Zajac, 2016). The factors that cause Breast Cancer are not known however, many risk factors that aim breast cancer in women have been identified. One of the most prominent factors that causes breast cancer has been identified to be age. Occurrences of breast cancer are most common in women belonging to the age group of over 50. Hormonal and reproductive factors are also contributing causes of breast cancer(Freimanis Yacobozzi, 2014). Some of these factors include: not having given birth to children, giving birth at old age, menopause at an old age. Hormone replacement therapy and oral contraception have also been identified to increase a small risk of breast cancer(Mathew Sibbering, 2018). It can be stated that a family history of Breast can cancer can increase a womans chances of developing the same, however according to the report provided by Breast Cancer Australia 2015 it can be said that 8 out of 9 women who develop breast cancer do not have a mother or sister who is a victim of breast canc er. According to the research done by(trove.nla.gov.au, 2018)it can be sated that family history as a contributory factor of Cancer in Australia can be classified in three categories: Slight or average risk- 95 percent of the women population belongs in this category. The women in this category have no family history or a very weak family history of cancer. It can be said that nine out of ten women in this category are less likely to develop cancer. Moderate Risk- Less than four percent of the female population belongs in this category. Women in this category have a moderate risk of developing breast cancer due to a strong family history. Examples of such family history include first degree relatives on one side of the family. Potential High Risk- Less than one percent of the women fall in this category. Women who have a strong family history which includes first and second degree relatives on either side of the family and additional factors on the same side of the family. Impacts of Breast Screen Australia Breast Screening Detects Breast Cancer early It can be stated that free breast screening is available to the women population in Australia belonging to the age group of 50-74 years age group by the program Breast Screening Australia. The women population who belong to the age group of 40-49 are eligible to get tem screened, however they are not actively targeted(DeSantis, Ma, Bryan, Jemal, 2014). It can be stated that like other population based screening programs, Breast Screen Australia aims to detect unsuspected breast cancers which would have otherwise gone unnoticed. The programs aims to detect breast cancer by the use of screening mammograms and therefore reduce morbidity in women. Breast cancer in women allows them to access diagnostic and treatment services at an early stage. Detection of breast cancer at an early stage can even be cured with the latest treatment services available. In the process of screening mammography, radiologists review the images of each of the breast to detect any unsuspected or suspicious characteristics which require further inspection. The process of screening mammography is not however diagnostic in nature. Screening mammography has been found to be more effective in older women as their breasts become less dense after menopause. It is also one of the main reasons why women in the age group of over 50 are more prone to develop breast cance r. Such process of mammographic screening is not however considered to be effective in women who are younger than 40. This is because the breast tissue in younger women are more dense and therefore it becomes difficult to identify any development of cancerous cells. Breast Screening mammography decreases morbidity and morality It can be said according to (NBOCC 2009) that lower morbidity from breast cancer can be achieved by detection of the cancer at an early stage as it gives the patients the options to choose from the different treatment options available. As provided by the reports of NBOCC 2009, it can be stated that the program Breast Screen Australia has detected almost 59 percentage of the breast cancer occurrences in women. Only 28% of the all the occurrences of breast cancer has been detected outside the program. Treatment of breast cancers detected by Breast Screen Australia is done mostly by breast conserving surgery which is closely associated with decreased morbidity. Breast Screening effectively benefits mortality as detection of breast cancer at an early stage has been proved to increase survival rates among victims of cancer(Uicc.org., 2018). It had been estimated that effective breast screening programs has reduced the rates of mortality rates among women by 21 28% (Cancerscreening.gov.au, 2018). It can be said in accordance with the reports of International Agency for Research on Cancer 2015 that that mortality rates has been significantly reduced in Australia due to Screening Mammography. These benefits of mortality have been reflected on the women who have been targeted by the program Breast Screen Australia. Screening and re screening Mammography which is X-ray of the breast is the test that is used in breast screening. The active participation of women in the program Breast Screen Australia is an indicator of the programs performance. Women in Australia have also recognized the need to get them screened as they have realized the effects of breast screening to reduce morbidity and mortality. Participation of women in the program are measured over a time period of two years which is aligned with the two year recommend screening interval of the program. It can be stated that the percentage of women who return for a re- screening after the two year interval is also measured. However according to Breast Screen Australia program although the recommended screening interval is 24 months( two years), it is estimated that twenty seven months is a reasonable time period which is required to assess any new developments and women to respond to invitation to respond to such screening process(aihw.gov.au, 2018). Conclusion Thus to conclude it can be said that breast cancer is the most common form of cancer that affects women all over the world. Occurrences of breast cancer are common in women belong in the age group of 50 and above. Breast Cancer has been identified as the most common cause of death of female population in Australia after lung cancer. The program Breast Screen Australia has been initiated by the government of Australia to do mammography screening of women in every two years to detect any suspicious and unnoticed growth of cancerous cells in the mammary glands. The process however, is not diagnostic. Breast screen Australia has been well received by the majority of the population and the evidence of the same can be exhibited by the high rates of participation. Bibliography aihw.gov.au. (2018, March 25). Home - Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Retrieved from aihw.gov.au: https://www.aihw.gov.au/ Cancerscreening.gov.au. (2018, March 25). Cancer Screening - Breast Screening. . Retrieved from Cancerscreening.gov.au. : https://cancerscreening.gov.au/internet/screening/publishing.nsf/Content/breast-screening-1 DeSantis, C., Ma, J., Bryan, L., Jemal, A. (2014). Breast cancer statistics. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 64(1), 52-62. Freimanis, R. I., Yacobozzi, M. (2014). Breast cancer screening. North Carolina medical journal, 117-120. Mathew, J., Sibbering, M. (2018). Breast Cancer Screening. InBreast Cancer Management for Surgeons. Springer, Cham. Myers, E. R., Moorman, P., Gierisch, J. M., Havrilesky, L. J., Grimm, L. J., Ghate, S., Kendrick, A. (2015). Benefits and harms of breast cancer screening: a systematic review. Jama, 314(15), 1615-1634. Oeffinger, K. C., Fontham, E. T., Etzioni, R. H., Michaelson, J. S., Shih, Y. C., Wolf, A. M. (2015). Breast cancer screening for women at average risk: 2015 . guideline update from the American Cancer Society., 314(15), 1599-1614. trove.nla.gov.au. (2018, March 25). Breast cancer risk factors [electronic resource] : a review of the evidence / Gianluca Severi and Laura Baglietto. . Retrieved from trove.nla.gov.au: https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/28385849?selectedversion=NBD44716176 Uicc.org. (2018, March 25). 2014 World Cancer Congress Report available . Retrieved from Uicc.org. : https://www.uicc.org/2014-world-cancer-congress-report-available Welch, H. G., Prorok, P. C., OMalley, A. J., Kramer, B. S. (2016). Breast-cancer tumor size, overdiagnosis, and mammography screening effectiveness. New England Journal of Medicine,375(15), 1438-1447., 375(15), 1438-1447. Zajac, P. (2016). Breast Cancer Screening. Osteopathic Family Physician, 8(5). Kuchenbaecker, K. B., Hopper, J. L., Barnes, D. R., Phillips, K. A., Mooij, T. M., Roos-Blom, M. J., ... Goldgar, D. E. (2017). Risks of breast, ovarian, and contralateral breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.Jama,317(23), 2402-2416. Lauby-Secretan, B., Scoccianti, C., Loomis, D., Benbrahim-Tallaa, L., Bouvard, V., Bianchini, F., Straif, K. (2015). Breast-cancer screeningviewpoint of the IARC Working Group.New England Journal of Medicine,372(24), 2353-2358. Campbell, B. (2018).Beyond Breast Cancer: An exploration of the experiences of middle-aged female breast cancer survivors in Australia. Beckmann, K., Duffy, S. W., Lynch, J., Hiller, J., Farshid, G., Roder, D. (2015). Estimates of over-diagnosis of breast cancer due to population-based mammography screening in South Australia after adjustment for lead time effects.Journal of medical screening,22(3), 127-135.

How to Create Expository Essay Outline

How to Create Expository Essay Outline While essays give you an opportunity to showcase the knowledge of some subject, use vocabulary skills to make the paper more authoritative, and demonstrate your writing skills, they also have some rules you should follow. Writing a high-quality essay that will make your professor (or client) really happy doesn’t only depend on a thorough understanding of the topic, but the structure as well. There are various types of essay and they require the unique outline. I’ve already posted guidelines for other forms of an essay that you can check in previously published articles. This time, I’m going to show you how to create expository essay outline. But, what is an expository essay? It’s simple; if you don’t understand the purpose of the essay, you won’t be able to write it properly. The expository essay is concerned with exposing, informing readers about a certain subject and backing up all your claims with accurate and reliable evidence. The primary purpose of this essay is to explain a topic in a straightforward and logical manner. It is a fair, factual, and balanced analysis of subject with no references to the essay writer`s emotions or opinions. You have to write your paper in objective and unbiased manner. Yes, this means that you can’t simply dismiss some fact just because you don’t agree with it! In most cases, expository essays are indicated by the words such as â€Å"define† or â€Å"explain†. When writing this type of paper, your goal is to inform the reader about the topic, provide useful information, and answer the potential questions associated with it. Expository essay outline As I’ve mentioned above, the successful completion of the paper doesn’t depend on the understanding of the topic only, but your ability to create a functional structure. That’s why it’s always useful to learn how to construct outlines for different types of essay writing. The diagram you see below shows how to create a useful outline for an expository essay. Introduction To most people, body paragraphs are the only parts of the essay that matter. Wrong! In order to get to them, you have to catch the reader’s attention i.e. make him/her want to keep reading your paper. Let’s face it; when was the last time you read something from beginning to end if you didn’t like the introduction? If you assume the beginning of the paper, article, book, etc. is boring and uninteresting, the chances are high you will move on to something else. When writing an expository essay you should, of course, open with the â€Å"hook†. It’s the first sentence of your paper, meaning it has to be extra interesting to â€Å"lure the reader in†. But, this doesn’t mean it should stray from the subject! This part of the intro should be both interesting and directly associated with the topic. There’s no â€Å"one size fits all† rule when it comes to the choice of a hook; it depends on your preferences, topic, context etc. You can use a question, statistics, facts†¦ After writing down the hook, you proceed to the next sentence (or more of them) which provide background information and the context. Don’t assume the reader knows a lot about the topic and move on. Instead, include general info to depict the context of your paper. Every essay depends on the great thesis; its purpose is to provide a sort of navigation for your essay and keeps you on the right track. Without a thesis, you’d write about everything and anything, stray from the topic, and end up with too much information but nothing useful for the subject you were supposed to write about. Plus, thesis lets readers know what they`re going to read about. This is the last sentence of the introduction, it should be precise, powerful, and informative. Body paragraphs Now that you have a strong, informative, and interesting introduction it’s time to start with the body paragraphs. Of course, the main goal of this section is to offer a deeper investigation into your topic. Imagine you`re a detective or a journalist working on a big case or story. Your job is to find out as much as possible about the case (in this case subject) and gather all the evidence you can find. The diagram you saw above showed three topics, so what are they? To simplify, body paragraphs are comprised of separate points that develop or contribute to the essay thesis. Each topic (point) requires separate paragraph and although diagram shows three, the exact number depends on the parameters of the assignment and topic. So, if the subject demands more points, then include more paragraphs. On the other hand, if the topic requires fewer points, then decrease the number of these sections. Each body paragraph should comprise of the following: Topic sentence – refers to the main idea of the paragraph Factual evidence – you can’t start throwing ideas around without any evidence. Would some investigative journalist who’s about to expose corruption in the government or a detective working on the high-profile case do their assignments without facts to back them up? No, I don’t think so! For every information you include, you should also have evidence. Each paragraph with separate topic and evidence supports the thesis. I used two facts in diagram, but you can use fewer or more Analysis of said evidence – it’s not just about mentioning who proved what, statistics, other types of relevant info depending on the topic. Exposing also means analyzing. While unbiased, don’t be afraid to dig deep under the surface, discuss the importance of evidence you introduced as well as its meaning. Once again, don’t assume you shouldn’t elaborate anything just because readers can do it themselves Transition sentence – although these points and facts can be different (but contribute to the overall assignment and thesis), don’t jump from one topic or paragraph to another that easily. Ideally, the paper should have undisturbed flow and transition words, phrases prevent choppiness. Avoid wordiness and fluff and ensure that every word you write contributes to the paper. It’s paramount to organize the evidence and topics you’re going to include. You can align points/topics according to importance or chronologically. Without proper order, you risk confusing readers by scattering evidence. You don’t want a professor, client, or someone else to get to the conclusion and think â€Å"What did I just read?† Conclusion After you explained or defined the subject with solid proof, you`re ready to conclude the work. Just like the intro, this part should be relatively short, but still strong enough not to ruin everything you`ve mentioned above. If you want to end the paper with a â€Å"BANG!† then you should do the following: Summarize the thesis, facts, and evidence you included – don’t overdo it, make it brief Discuss the significance of the subject – why is it important? Why should readers care about it? Reveal unanswered questions – you can use the opportunity to raise more questions about the essay topic. Take a few minutes to think about the subject in general, is there anything you wanted to know but that particular aspect isn’t widely discussed yet? This could also raise awareness of some problem Call-to-action – this depends on the topic you get, but don’t be afraid to motivate readers to do something about a certain issue. Is there anything one can do to make things better? In essay writing, conclusions should be precise and logical. Don’t introduce new information because it would lead to a new discussion. That’s why a short summary, the importance of the topic, pointing out to some unanswered questions are always a good way to go. Stuck on Your   Expository Essay? Check out these example persuasive essays. Yes! Show me examples .popup_essay{ text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid lightgrey; border-bottom: 1px solid lightgrey; } .popup_essay h3{ letter-spacing: 0.3px; margin-bottom: 0; } .popup_essay p{ font-style: italic; letter-spacing: 0.3px; color: grey; font-weight: normal; font-size: 17px; margin: 15px 0; } .post-page-wrapper .post__wrapper .post__content .popup_essay a { background-color: #4CAF50 ; border: none; color: white; padding: 13px 0; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; display: block; font-size: 16px; width: 210px; margin: 0 auto 15px auto; letter-spacing: 0.3px; } .post-page-wrapper .post__wrapper .post__content .popup_essay a:hover{ text-decoration: none; } What’s next? Before you submit the essay and hit the send button, start revising, editing, and proofreading to make it the best it can be. To determine what types of modifications you should make to the essay, answer the following questions: Are there any unnecessary details that don’t contribute to the thesis or essay in general? Have you created a good essay topic? Did I make a proper transition from one paragraph to another? Does my work unfold logically with facts and examples? Does the conclusion depict significance of the topic? Is my essay choppy? Is my essay precise? Is the essay unbiased? Is the sentence structure okay? Answering these questions will help you identify strengths and weaknesses in your paper. Then, start working on improving those flaws. For example, if there are unnecessary details, remove them. If your essay seems choppy, correct mistakes with the help of transition words and phrases. Once youre done with modifications, start proofreading and editing. Read from top to bottom and look for grammar, spelling, typos, etc. Read again and when you`re happy with the essay, send it to your professor or client. Bottom line Expository essay aims to inform readers about some subject with solid evidence. As seen throughout this post, you should write your paper in an unbiased manner and analyze proof you used. Follow the outline from this post and you`ll have a well-structured essay without struggles and frustrations. Remember, with worthy

Building an intergenerational center Essays

Building an intergenerational center Essays Building an intergenerational center Essay Building an intergenerational center Essay Abstract In the recent past, we have witnessed a floury of activity relating to intergenerational programs occurring on a universal scale. New initiatives are emerging at an unprecedented scale that aims to bring together older adults and young people in various settings. This initiative is designed to promote interaction, education, providence, and support between older adults and young people (Office, 2005). Primarily, this paper will focus on designing an intergenerational program for my community. With regard to my community, the design requires consideration of both the older generation and the younger generations such that it allows coordinated interaction between the varying generations. The implications of this program are that the initiatives will reinforce and enhance a more integrated society, enlightening the younger generation while creating a more purposeful and accommodative life for the less able senior adults. This will produce all-rounded youth with the guidance of the adult s and ensure that there is reduction in isolation and poverty in the elderly creating purpose in the society. In my view, I feel that my community is bombarded by many issues affecting the different age groups such as increased criminal activity, school drop out, and rise in unethical behaviors that may lead to disintegration in the community creating barriers in relations hence making life harder especially on the elderly. In my opinion, I feel that the intergenerational program I have designed will be fully efficient at controlling if not eliminating the issues listed above.

M8A1 Corporate Social Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

M8A1 Corporate Social - Essay Example One of the current trends in CSR is the emergency of green manufacturing through energy efficient technologies and reduction of raw material wastage in the manufacturing process (Mullerat, 2010). Corporations have undertaken measures to re-engineer the operations in order to make them more eco-friendly and sustainable. May, Cheney & Roper (2007) asserts that a majority of the multinational companies use recyclable packaging, renewable energy sources and have minimized pollution levels occasioned by their operations. In addition, many corporations have contributed heavily to social causes such as disease prevention, education and sanitation in order to ensure positive social impact in the communities. (Amao, 2011). The corporations have encouraged employees to volunteer in social causes of their choice. Another common trend that is evident is the increase in CRS reporting and engagement. Many companies have created CSR departments that are supposed to collect data and prepare annual CSR reports and the impact on the company activities on the social environment (Amao, 2011). CSR has been integrated in the non-financial reporting in order to create awareness that the business is a responsible company that caters for the needs of all stakeholders. Many companies have implemented the ISO 14000 environmental management standard and Global Pact standards that aim at ensuring social sustainability (Asongu, 2007). There is increasing use of the social media in CSR activities of the companies. Many businesses have formed online blogs and discussion forums that are used to understand the ideas and suggestions of the stakeholders (Mullerat, 2010). The thirsty for information and environmental activism has forced companies to report their CSR activities through the social media in order to maintain the regular engagement with the stakeholders (May, Cheney & Roper, 2007). However, it is worthy noting that the government has increased its oversight and regulatory

Benefits of Video Games Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Benefits of Video Games - Research Paper Example Most institutions have installed computer laboratories to help their students to catch with the technology demanded by the contemporary job environment. Along this technology stands the gaming technology that continues to evolve and to become the favourite of many young students. In the invention of new video gaming technology, it was a mere source of entertainment that people could indulge to spend their luxury time. However, research has revealed that the value of video games in the life of learners has been ignored as these games can have both positive and negative impacts in their learning. Research points out that there is need for reconsideration of the application of video games in the life of learners both in their homes and in the school environment. Understanding the impact of video games on the learners learning will help to develop a strategy on which the negative effects can be eliminated and the positive can be optimized. Specifically, it will be possible to incorporate this technology in the learning environment and enhance the learners’ abilities. In this light, there is need to investigate the best approach to integrate computer aided video games in the curriculum. Video games have both physical and psychological impacts on the life of individual and this may affect their learning behaviour. Obradovic (2002) identifies that video games have had negative impacts on learners owing to the addictive behaviours that comes along their usage. As entertainment tools, video games are attractive and are addictive to their users statistics indicate that over 92% of children aged between 4 and 17 years have access to computer games and are likely to be addicts of playing these games. Addiction is the source of the negative impacts of the learning needs of the students. First, addiction comes about when a student spends

Psychological Impacts of Nostalgia for People With Dementia

Psychological Impacts of Nostalgia for People With Dementia THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF NOSTALGIA FOR PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA: STUDY PROTOCOL 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1.2 Existential realities Four basic concerns that have been proposed to have great impact on the lives of all people are: death, freedom, existential isolation and meaninglessness (Yalom, 1980). Yalom (1980) argues that although people tend to neglect these four realities, they are still pervasive and influential on our lives. He offers the following explanations to these realities which he refers to as ultimate concerns. He explains that the inevitability of death is a fact of life which we are all aware of; irrespective of the fundamental human desire of existence. The central existential conflict is the strain between the realisation of the inevitability of death and the desire to continue to live. From an existential perspective, freedom refers to the lack of external structure. Paradoxical to an individual’s everyday experience, human beings do not reside in a universe that has ingrained design and is well-structured. Instead, the individual is totally the orchestrator of his or her own choices, world, actions and design. Freedom from this view implies terrifically that there is no ground beneath us. The key existential dynamic in this sense is the conflict between our encounter with groundlessness and our desire for ground and structure. As humans, our reality of freedom is evidenced from the conflict which arises from our aspiration of self-determination and our realisation of lack of support and uncertainty. This happens when one recognises the things that happen in one’s life are up to oneself. The third ultimate concern is isolation. This form of isolation from an existential sense does relate to neither interpersonal isolation (such as loneliness) nor intrapersonal isolation (such as isolation from oneself). This form of isolation refers to fundamental isolation. This means that no matter how close we are to each other, unavoidably, we are on our own. Each of us comes into existence alone and must exit from it alone. Thus, the existential conflict is the strain between our realisation of our absolute isolation and our desire for contact, protection and to be part of a larger group (Yalom, 1980). Accumulation of the three realities results in the fourth, which is, meaninglessness. In a world where there is no absolute truth and the only certainty about life is death, life tends to be meaningless. People will cling unto values and concepts in an effort to formulate meaning in life. Life essentially has no meaning if death is inevitable; if our own world is constituted by ourselves and if we are fundamentally isolated (Yalom, 1980). As Yalom (1980) elaborated, the existential dynamic conflict emerges from the impasse of a meaning-seeking creature that is put into a universe that possesses no meaning. It can be argued that although these existential realities are experienced by all human beings in one form or the other, some categories of persons are more likely to experience profound aspects of these existential threats. One of such groups of people is people with dementia. 1.1.3 Dementia: an existential threat â€Å"Dementia is an existential plight of persons and not simply a problem to be investigated and managed through technical skill† (Baldwin and Capstick, 2007; p. 117). It has been regarded as a disease of the entire person rather than a mere illness of the brain (Murray and Boyd, 2009, Passmore, Ho and Gallagher, 2012, Post, 2013, Nowell, Thornton and Simpson, 2013). With its associated health and social problems and deterioration leading to death, dementia can be perceived as a form of existential threat (Cheston, 2011). People with dementia experience changes in biographical factors. These biographical factors are the changes in later life. Whereas some people with dementia go through their illness with most of the mechanisms that previously supported them still unblemished, others go through a sequence of diminishing and disheartening changes in life with massive decline in their personal resources. Such personal resources refer to that which has been inherently developed by the person including all the consequences of social learning. These include aspects such as ways of managing crisis, loss and modifications; willingness to accept help offered by others and defense against tension or anxiety (Kitwood, 1993). Social psychological factors that make up the fabric of everyday life could enhance or diminish the sense of value, safety and personal being of the person with dementia. These have been enumerated and framed under the purview of a ‘malignant social psychology’ (Kitwood, 1990; p. 180). These include treachery, disempowerment, infantilisation, condemnation, intimidation, stigmatisation, outpacing, invalidation, banishment and objectification (Kitwood, 1990, Kitwood, 1993). Dementia as an existential threat denies a smooth adjustment into the existing self-concept of the person affected by dementia (Cheston, 2013). Cheston (2011) also argues that the threatened loss of cognitive ability for people with dementia could influence the way in which they make sense of the world and their self-esteem. He further expounds that existential realities are more prominent for people affected by dementia and can be evidenced in the subjective experiences of people with dementia. People with dementia seek for attachment (Piiparinen and Whitlatch, 2011, Van Assche et al, 2013, Osborne, Stokes and Simpson, 2010, Browne and Shlosberg, 2006, Perren et al, 2007, Stephens, Cheston and Gleeson, 2013), meaning/ purpose in life (MacKinlay and Trevitt, 2010, McGovern, 2011, McGovern, 2012, Phinney, 2011) and experience loss of identity (Eustache et al, 2013, Steeman et al, 2013, Caddell and Clare, 2012, Caddell and Clare, 2011). These could be perceived as coping mechanisms to buffer them against their encounter with existential realities. It is suggested that existential threats could have adverse effects on an individual’s self- esteem (Sabat, 2002); affect (Xu and Brucks, 2011, Van and Van, 2007); social connectedness (Mikulincer, Florian and Hirschberger, 2003); meaning in life (Sullivan, Landau and Kay, 2012, Jaarsma et al, 2007); and general wellbeing (Piiparinen and Whitlatch, 2011). Likewise, it can be argued that dementia as an existential threat has similar potential effects on people with such a condition (Baldwin and Capstick, 2007). In addition, various studies have suggested that the early stages of dementia, after receiving a diagnosis, generally cause profound psychological effects on self-esteem, meaning/ purpose in life and general psychological wellbeing (Chistopolskaya and Enikolopov, 2013, Bamford et al, 2004, Steeman et al, 2006, Husband, 1999, Husband, 2000, Vernooij-Dassen et al, 2006). 1.2 Problem statement Dementia as an existential threat has associated adverse psychological impacts for people with dementia. These include but are not limited to threats to identity Steeman et al, 2006), social connectedness (Hatch, 2013), meaning/ purpose in life (Lingler et al, 2006, Macquarrie, 2005) and general psychological wellbeing (Piiparinen and Whitlatch, 2011). Consequently, people with dementia sometimes use the recall of the past as a mechanism in an attempt to buffer the psychological effects of dementia (Bohlmeijer, Smit and Cuijpers, 2003, Woods et al, 2005). Also, conventional approaches such as reminiscence and life review activities employ the use of the past as a resource for the present to provide various psychological functions for people with dementia. However, the efficacies of these activities are still debated (Douglas, James and Ballard, 2004). For example, whereas some randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews conclude that these approaches may improve the psycholog ical wellbeing of people with dementia (Lai, Chi and Kayser-Jones, 2004, Wang, 2007, Sharif et al, 2010, Wu, 2011, Azcurra, 2012, Korte et al, 2012), others have concluded otherwise (Wang, Hsu and Cheng, 2005, Wang, Yen and OuYang, 2009, Gudex et al, 2010, Forsman, Schierenbeck and Wahlbeck, 2011, Woods et al, 2005, Woods et al, 2012). Stemming from memory decline in dementia, the merging of past experiences with the present can arguably enhance self-concept and self-esteem if the images of the past stimulate a sense of pleasure and accomplishment (Kasl-Godley and Gatz, 2000). Perhaps, the recall of the past without deliberately evoking nostalgia is not an ideal way to effectively enhance and improve the psychological equanimity of people with dementia. On the other hand, nostalgia has been proposed as a psychological buffer against existential threats (Juhl et al, 2010, Routledge et al, 2008). Juhl et al (2010) show that in mortality salience conditions, participants at low levels of nostalgia proneness show less positive responses to an identity threat, greater levels of death anxiety and lesser feelings of state nostalgia (self-esteem, social connectedness, meaning in life and affect). Routledge et al (2008) support the idea that nostalgia provides an existential function by providing a source of meaningful life experiences which people use to defend themselves against concerns about death (existential threat). Also, experimental studies with undergraduate student populations have demonstrated that induced nostalgia increases self-esteem, positive affect, social connectedness and meaning in life when compared to normal autobiographical memories (Wildschut et al, 2006, Routledge et al, 2011). However, the use of nostalgia by peopl e with dementia to provide similar desirable psychological functions is not clear (Moos and Bjorn, 2006). Nonetheless, this has not been tested among people with dementia. 1.6 Significance of the research The current research seeks to investigate whether induced nostalgia increases self-esteem, meaning/ purpose in life and social connectedness for people with dementia as it does for the general population. It also attempts to find out whether people with mild to moderate dementia differ in experiencing various psychological outcomes as a result of their degree of nostalgia proneness. This novel application of the emotion of nostalgia (currently a major area of psychological research) to people with dementia has both clinical and theoretical significance. Theoretically, with nostalgia being suggested to have positive psychological impact among the general population, we will be able to find out whether these functions extend to people with dementia. Clinically, while reminiscence therapy is frequently used with people with dementia; research findings are unclear as to whether this has any benefit. It may be that one of the factors determining whether reminiscence is of benefit is wheth er or not a nostalgic memory is evoked. By investigating this, the research may be able to shed light on the way in which nostalgia buffers the psychological challenges of living with dementia. For instance, we may be able to identify more precisely how to help people with dementia maintain a psychological equilibrium, and thereby improve their quality of life and psychological wellbeing. 2.0 PRELIMINARY LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Dementia and meaning/ purpose in life Existential psychology attempts to explain the way individuals formulate meaning in the event of an inevitable despair or threat. According to existential psychology, individuals employ various mechanisms to buffer them against existential threats in order to restore psychological balance (Greenberg, Koole and Pyszczynski, 2013). Purpose in life is an aspect of wellbeing that is well appreciated by people with dementia (Drà ¶es et al, 2006). Research shows that, even in the event of experiencing decline in cognition in a patient with dementia, the person with dementia still engages in meaning-making that covey important communication messages regarding the importance of life (Robertson, 2013). Also, people affected by dementia are usually in the quest of seeking for meaning in their lives in order to concur with their diagnosis (Lingler et al, 2006, Macquarrie, 2005). Searching for meaning in life by people with dementia is linked to the expression of establishing identity (Steeman et al, 2006). Dementia is associated with various levels of cognitive decline (Franciotti et al, 2013). Cognitive decline has been found to be associated with decline in aspects of wellbeing, specifically, purpose in life (Wilson et al, 2013). Alternatively, in advanced age, higher purpose in life causes a reduction in the effect of pathologic changes on cognitive decline for people with Alzheimer’s disease (Boyle et al, 2012). Longitudinal studies have also provided some evidence in support of some existential functions of having a greater purpose in life. Among older adults living in the community, greater purpose in life has been found to have significant associations with a reduction in risk of disability (Boyle, Buchman and Bennett, 2010), mortality (Boyle et al, 2009), Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment (Geda, 2010, Boyle et al, 2010).

Affirmative Action in Employing Women and Minorities :: Affirmative Action Equality Essays

Affirmative Action Thesis: Although many people believe that affirmative Action is a form of racism, it is actually used to help minorities find employment in an otherwise racist world. â€Å"In the United States, equality is a recurring theme. It has flared into a fervent moral issue at crucial stages of American history: The revolutionary and Jacksonian Period, and the New Deal. In each era, the legitimacy of American society is challenged by some set of people unhappy with the degree of equality† (Verba and Orren). Following the Civil War, Congress passed a number of laws designed to put former slaves on an equal level with white people. The Fourteenth Amendment made the freedmen citizen and prohibited states from enforcing any law which took away the privliges of any citizen, depriving men of life, liberty, or property without due process of the law, or denied men equal protection of the laws. In 1875, Republican majority in Congress, aware that reconstruction would soon e nd, passed a civil right act to secure by law semblance of equality for Black Americans (Urofsky 19). Many white Americans really did not like the idea of equality for the Black Freedmen. â€Å"Gideon Welles, who had been prevailing sentiment when he wrote in 1871: ‘Thank God slavery is abolished, but the Negro is not, and never can be the equal of the white man. He is of an inferior race and must always remain so’†(Urofsky 23). The supreme court agreed and in 1883 passed the Civil Rights act which diluted much of th! e protection of the Fourteenth Amendment. Justice Joseph Bradely interpreted the enforcement provision of the amendment as strictly remedial; â€Å"congress has the power to remedy a discriminatory state law, but could not take affirmative steps to protect blacks from other forms of prejudice† (Urofsky 21). As a result of this decision, the federal government took no action to combat racism in the country until the second world war (Urofsky 2 2). Because resentment continued to increase within the black communities and because of the threat of a march on Washington, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued an executive order on June 25, 1941. This order directed African Americans to be accepted into job-training programs in defense plants. The order also stated that discrimination would not be excepted by employers holding defense contracts. It also set up a fair employment practice commissions to investigate charges of racial discrimination.

Family and Tan Ling Wei

I am an ordinary soon to be 20 years old girl from an ordinary family with extraordinary fantasies. My name is Tan Ling Wei, but since everybody is having a difficult time to pronounce Chinese names, I would rather be called as Zoey. I’m a Malaysian Chinese, and I was born in a big city with big shopping malls – Kuala Lumpur. When I was younger, I used to stay in Bentong which is my hometown in Pahang with my parents together with my grandparents. Since my parents were busy earning for a living, my grandparents were my guardians. Grandpa was my favourite person because he was the one who pampered me the most.He would grant whatever wish I wished for, even if it was the stars in the sky which takes about more than 50,000 years to make the journey. I remembered there was once, my grandpa took me out on a bike to buy me a school bag. I was so young and I did not know how to place my legs on the passenger seat, consequently I hurt my foot by getting it trapped in the bicycl e wheel. I was crying very loudly on the way home because I couldn’t stand the pain and there was a lot of blood. Grandpa’s face was full with guilt when he saw his beloved grandchild got hurt. Eventually, the crying stopped after grandpa’s continuous comforting.The biggest gratitude goes to my mom. She’s not only an ordinary fulltime housewife, but also my dad’s part time personal assistant. On the other hand, she is the one who travels up and down to send me to university and my brother to school. Well, to put it in a nutshell, she has no time for herself at all. When I was 2 years old, I was admitted into the hospital and told that I had bronchitis. She was the one who took up the responsibility to take care of me, staying in the ward with me even when she was pregnant with my brother. A mother’s love is indeed instinctual, unconditional and forever for her child.The closest person when I was young was my dad. He was the one who would pat iently read me poems and stories when I was a baby. Whenever he got back from his work, he would snuggle me in his arms and sing me nursery rhymes. But as I age and hit puberty, our relationship drifted apart. I stopped having physical contacts with dad. Perhaps I was shy since I started noticing changes between females and males. However, the love I had for dad has never changed. Instead of expressing, it lays hidden. Ever heard of love and hate and relationship? Well, that’s the relationship I have with my 17 years old brother.When we were young, we were like cats and dogs, fighting for toys, practically we fight for everything even until today. Even so, blood is thicker than water. Whenever we face any problems in life, we would console each other, and of course be there for each other. My brother and I have one thing in common, that is we love playing computer games. Whenever there’s free time, both of us would spend time playing Blackshot together either as team m ates or rival to kill the time. Which girl would ever play computer games? That’s the common question whenever I come across to any of my friends.Well, that would be me. The reason why am I so boyish is because when I was a toddler, I mixed mostly with my cousin brothers. When I finally got into a primary school, my friends were all boys, because they were less dramatic. During the recess time, the boys would invite me to the field for football. Overtime, my character died hard and hence the boyishness and clumsiness. I love to read since I started my high school. According to one of my Indian good friend, my English was very bad when I was in form 1. We still laugh about it today whenever she tells the story of me speaking broken English in class.I started mixing around with the English educated friends to improve my English. Whenever I’ve difficulty understanding any English vocabulary, I would reach out to my friends and ask for an explanation. Furthermore, I starte d to build up the interest in reading. In the year 2008, when I was in my form 3, Twilight Saga had become famous as a romance novel about vampire love story. Since then, I started to have crazy fantasies of becoming a vampire as I could be an immortal and that I could keep my youth forever. As silly as I could be, reality is always cruel. No one can ever live as an immortal.Everyone’s life will come to an end eventually when the time comes. Well, that’s my autobiography, a really simple one but of course, there’s much more in life that I couldn’t express in words here in this essay. I believe nobody is perfect. Everyone has their own flaws, so do I. Life is just like a roller coaster with ups and downs. It just boils down to every individual on how they deal with it. Last but not leaset, I would like to end with a favourite quote of mine about life, â€Å"Life doesn't require that we be the best, only that we try our best. †- H. Jackson Brown, Jr.

Review Outer Experience - 1227 Words

Maha Algarni PUAD 520 Professor Burroughs 30 October 2015 Administrative Journal #1 Outer Experience In many organizations, the organizational structure becomes a bureaucracy which involves its own challenges and problems. The outlook on the issue of power in American organizations is ambivalent due to the need of a leader to be a good politician while also seeing politics as detrimental to efficiency (Pfeffer 33). Most respondents agree that workplace politics is common in most organizations, that successful executives must be good politicians, and that the higher up the ladder – the more political the climate becomes (Pfeffer 34). Pfeffer notes that power and influence can be acquired and exercised for evil purposes, but few people†¦show more content†¦Wamsley and Zald devote their article to a public administration theory using the political economy approach. The authors treat organizations as social systems - dynamic, adapting, and internally differentiated (63). The political economy approach examines legitimacy and distribution of power as they affect the propriety of an agency’s existence, its functional niche, its collective goals, and the means of task accomplishment in some cases (64). The authors argue that the power resources of actors, their willingness or ability to use them, and their skill in building coalitions are important factors in political economy. Wamsley and Zald also identify dimensions of political capacity to manipulate such as: 1) goals, ambiguity, and clarity; 2) surveillance; 3) centrality of values; 4) personnel and funding allocation; and 5) support structures and feedback loops (65-66). Reflection on Outer Experience Distribution and the use of power in organizations is an important issue since the very early existence of bureaucracy. Managers use various sources of power at their disposal to lead, motivate, and control the work of their subordinates such as legitimate, reward, coercive, and referent powers. Most of organizations are based on the hierarchy and chain of command where the title of the leader reflects the status within the organization. Based on the hierarchal status, the leader is able to exert more power on the subordinates. Legitimate