Thursday, August 27, 2020

Dreaming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dreaming - Research Paper Example The fantasies can last from a couple of moments to even thirty minutes. Commonly, ordinary people experience an expected three to four dreams, nonetheless, in certain occasions, even seven dreams. Dreams are incredibly pictorial and habitually outlandish in nature. This paper clarifies the authentic, mental and the science behind dream thinking. Individual have strived to comprehend dreams for the hundreds of years around 3000-4000 B.C., In some native social orders, members were unequipped for separating between this present reality and the fantasy world. Individuals from these basic social orders could without much of a stretch pick not to make the separation. These basic social orders apparent that the fantasy area was a solid world and additionally an augmentation of genuine world (Dreammoods, 1) In theâ Roman and Greek age, dreams were seen in a strict point of view. Dreams were believed to be undeviating messages from the dead or from the divine beings. The individuals of that period depended onto their fantasies for explanations what course of bearing to make or on what move to do. They had confidence in dreams anticipated and cautioned the up and coming occasions. Unique love places were even built where people can visit there to rest in the conviction that a message as a fantasy could be conveyed to them. Their confidence in the quality of dreams was ground-breaking to such an extent that it even controlled the deeds of both armed force and political pioneers. In reality, dream interpreters even accompanied armed force pioneers into wars to help with war line of assault (Dreammoods, 1).â â In antiquated Egypt, clerics additionally intervened for the benefit of a fantasy interpreter. The Egyptians recorded their fantasies in hieroglyphics. Individual with explicit lively and essential dreams were claimed to be blessed and were viewed as uncommon. People who had the ability to decipher dreams were profoundly viewed and seen as impeccably talented. Dreaming can be seen as a substantial dwelling where your spirit and soul

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Transaction, Operating Accounting Exposures Essay Example Essay Example

Exchange, Operating Accounting Exposures Essay Example Paper Exchange, Operating Accounting Exposures Essay Introduction Exchange, Operating, Accounting (Translation) Exposures Foreign Exchange Exposure †measures the potential for a firm’s productivity, net income, and market an incentive to modify due to an adjustment in return rates. Q: What are the three principle outside trade exposures? A: 1) Transaction Exposure 2) Operating Exposure 3) Accounting Exposure Transaction Exposure †measures changes in the estimation of remarkable monetary commitments caused before an adjustment in return rates. Working Exposure (Economic Exposure, Competitive Exposure, Strategic Exposure) †measures an adjustment in the current estimation of a firm coming about because of any adjustment in future expected working incomes brought about by surprising changes in return rates. Bookkeeping Exposure (Translation Exposure) †measures bookkeeping inferred changes in owner’s value because of deciphering outside cash budget reports into a solitary announcing money. Display 8. 1 [pic] Note: In th e final quarter of 2001 Amazon. om revealed an overall gain of $5 million, due to some extent to a one-time outside money increase of $16 million. Supporting †To take a place that will rise (or fall) in incentive to counterbalance an adjustment in estimation of a current position. |Benefits of Hedging |Costs of Hedging | |Improved the arranging capacity of the firm. |Risk-loath system that benefits the board more than | |Reduced the probability of monetary trouble. I. e. the hazard that cash|shareholders. (I. e. investors can enhance money hazard on an| |flows will fall beneath what is required for obligation installments and continued|â€Å"as needed† premise) | |operations) |Consumes the firm’s assets and expected incomes to the firm | |Management has a similar preferred position over investors. (I. e. |are not expanded. (I. e. gency hypothesis, NPV of supporting is zero, | |understanding the cash danger of the firm and exploit a |and FX misfortunes show up on t he I/S while supporting are covered in | |disequilibrium through specific supporting) |operating and premium costs) | Transaction Exposure Transaction Exposure †measures changes in the estimation of extraordinary monetary commitments brought about before an adjustment in return rates. Exchange presentation can emerge from the accompanying exercises:? Buying or selling remote merchandise and ventures using a loan. Acquiring or loaning in another money.? Remote trade contracts. Display 8. 3 The Life Span of Transaction Exposure [pic] Example Expect to gather? 1,000,000 of every three months on a deal, least adequate worth $1,700,000. Q: What sort of exchange presentation has happened? A: Billing Exposure S0 = $1. 7640/? ES90= $1. 76/? F90= $1. 7540/? iU. K. = 10% every year (2. 5% per quarter) kU. K. = 8% every year (2% per quarter) iU. S. = 8% every year (2% per quarter) kU. S. = 6% every year (1. 5% per quarter) P90ATM = $1. 75 (1. 5% premium) P90OTM = $1. 71 (1% premium) Exchange, Operating Accounting Exposures Essay Body Paragraphs Note: ES90 is the evaluated spot rate in a quarter of a year, â€Å"i† is the getting financing cost, and â€Å"k† is the speculation loan fee, P90ATM is an at-the-cash three-month put choice, and P90OTM is an out-of-the-cash multi month put choice. Q: Is the pound expected to acknowledge or deteriorate? A: Depreciate Q: What is the forward premium/markdown on the pound? A: [pic] Q: What are the four choices to fence an exchange presentation? A:1) Remain unhedged 2) Hedge in the forward market 3) Hedge in the currency showcase 4) Hedge in the alternatives advertise 1) Remain unhedged, gather? 1,000,000 out of a quarter of a year at the new spot rate. pic] 2) Hedge in the forward market, gather? 1,000,000 out of a quarter of a year at $1. 7540/?. [pic] 3) Hedge in the currency showcase, acquire? 975,610 today, and trade for dollars at the present spot rate ($1. 7640/? ). Contribute the $1,720,976 for 90 days, and in 90 days take care of the credit + enthusiasm with the? 1,000,000. Q: To develop a currency showcase fence, what amount should the speculator acquire today if the yearly loan cost is 10% and the organization hopes to get? 1,000,000 of every 90 days? A: [pic] Q: At what venture rate is the currency showcase fence better than the forward agreement? A: [pic] pic] Note: Either the forward agreement or the currency advertise support is better than a revealed position if the spot rate at time 2 is not exactly the forward rate. Be that as it may, if the assets can be contributed at anything over 7. 68% (or 1. 92% for 90 days) at that point the currency showcase fence is a superior alternative than the forward agreement. On the off chance that the spot rate at time 2 is more noteworthy than what can be earned by putting the assets in the organization (for this situation the assets are put resources into the organization yielding the company’s WACC of 12% or $1,772,605) at that point the revealed support would be prevalent. 4) Hedge in the choices showcase. An at-the-money[1] (ATM) put choice is selling for a 1. 5% premium. The expense of the choice is (size of the choice) x (premium) x (spot rate) = cost, for this situation? 1,000,000 x 0. 015 x $1. 7640 = $26,460. This is the most extreme misfortune, while the greatest increase is the spot cost †the expense of the alternative. [pic] To look at the other options, first gauge what you expect spot rates to be, at that point gauge a scope of potential costs, and think about your capacity to acknowledge the drawback. At that point select the best system. A few Examples: [pic] Q: Transaction introduction emerges from what? A: Sales and costs that are as of now contracted for. Working Exposure Operating Exposure (Economic Exposure, Competitive Exposure, Strategic Exposure) †measures an adjustment in the current estimation of a firm coming about because of any adjustment in future expected working incomes brought about by surprising changes in return rates. Q: Op erating Exposure relies upon whether a surprising change in return rates causes unexpected changes in what? A: Sales volume, deals costs, or working costs Figure 9. 1 Financial and Operating Cash Flows Between Parent and Subsidiary [pic] Q: What are four proactive approaches to oversee working presentation? A: 1) Matching money incomes 2) Risk-sharing understandings 3) Back-to-back or resemble credits 4) Currency trades Note: Planning for working presentation relies upon the cooperation of procedures in account, promoting, buying, and creation. Bookkeeping (Translation) Exposure Accounting Exposure (Translation Exposure) †measures bookkeeping inferred changes in owner’s value because of deciphering outside cash budget summaries into a solitary announcing money. Q: What are the money related objectives of the worldwide undertaking? A:1) To amplify solidified after-charge salary ) To limit the firm’s compelling worldwide taxation rate 3) To address the situating of the firm’s pay, incomes, and accessible assets. Note: These objectives are regularly observed as conflicting. Utilitarian money †the overwhelm cash utilized by the remote auxiliary in its everyday tasks. Q: What are the two fundamental techniques for the interpretation of outside auxiliary fiscal summaries? A: 1) The present rate technique 2) The transient strategy Current rate technique †a strategy for interpreting the budget summaries of remote subsidiaries into the parent’s revealing money. All benefits and liabilities are interpreted at the present conversion scale. Worldly technique †accept that various individual detail resources, for example, stock and net plant and gear are repeated routinely to reflect showcase esteem. Q: Which technique is the most well-known around the world? A: The present rate technique Q: What are the benefits of the present rate strategy? A: 1) The fluctuation of announced profit because of interpretation additions or misf ortunes is wiped out, in light of the fact that the increase or misfortune on interpretation goes straightforwardly to a hold account (as opposed to going through the salary articulation). ) Does not twist monetary record proportions, for example, the present proportion or obligation to-value proportion (in light of the fact that the overall extents of the individual asset report accounts continue as before. Q: What is the hindrance of the present rate technique? A: 1) It disregards the bookkeeping guideline of conveying asset report accounts at authentic expenses. Q: What is the upside of the fleeting strategy? A: 1) Foreign nonmonetary resources are conveyed at their unique expense in the parent’s combined explanation. Schoolwork Problems Chapter 8 1. Envision one of the organizations from your last task is expecting a $80million installment in one year. The organization likewise anticipates $20million in costs in a single year. Utilize genuine figures or the accompanying: Current spot rate 3. 4x/$ (pattern shows 3. 8x/$ two months prior) Interest rates are 14% in your nation and 4% in the U. S. Forward agreements are excessively costly Based on the present spot rate and relative financing costs, it would be ideal if you exhort your organization on its cash introduction. Section 9 2. Envision one of your organizations will before long be sending out to China. Utilize the accompanying (supplant the $ proportional with your cash at the present spot value): Current deals of 1,000,000 units for each year at a value proportionate to $24 each. Current spot value Rmb8. 2/$, however the H. K. warning will drop the incentive one week from now to Rmb10/$. Direct expenses are 75% of the U. S. dollar deals cost. Tolerating this estimate, prompt the organization on two alternatives: 1) Maintain the equivalent renminbi value (I. e. no adjustment in value) 2) Raise the cost to balance the debasement and experience a 10% drop in unit volume. A) What might be the shor t-run (one year) effect of every procedure? B) Which do you suggest? Discretionary Assignment: (0. 5 support focuses) Prepare a review on the nation you are accomplishing for your last undertaking. (Incorporate GDP, swelling, significant fares/imports, significant stock trade, money, conversion scale, and whatever else you find fascinating and pertinent). use sources like countryreports.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Essay Topic - Outliers

Essay Topic - OutliersIf you are writing an essay, whether for college or personal use, you are likely to come across several outliers essay topics. If you have already done this, you probably know what to expect when it comes to the content of your essay and how it will be graded.Outliers essay topics are usually the ones that people overlook the most. This is not surprising because these types of essays are normally written in a style of their own. These are the essays that are not as common as other essay topics.Outliers are exactly what they sound like; these essays are written in a manner that deviates from the norm. They may be too unique, humorous, or shocking to be included in any standard student-written essay. However, if you take the time to learn about the style and techniques used by the writer of the piece, you may find one that you enjoy.For example, consider outlier essay topics that are written in an unusual manner. While many students consider this to be challenging to write, it is possible to do in fact even if you are not good at this. The key to making this type of essay work is to figure out a way to present the topic in an unconventional way that won't make the reader lose interest in your essay. Once you have the introduction of the material in place, you are ready to set the tone of the entire essay.If you want to get more information on the concept of outliers essay topics, there are many resources available online to help you get started. This type of essay is more than just writing something that is different from everyone else; the essay must stand out as being one of a kind. It can also be difficult to complete, but those who try will reap the rewards of this challenging and interesting form of writing.Another way to make use of outliers essay topics is to write about something you have never written about before. When writing about an area of interest, you need to include information that is different from what others have done be fore. In this way, you can explore new territory and push the envelope of traditional writing. You may even be surprised by how interesting and unique this experience is for you.While many students think outliers essay topics are challenging to write, the reality is that this type of writing is actually quite simple. The most important thing to remember when looking for the best essay topics is to remember to write about something different and unexpected. It may take some experimentation, but over time you will discover different pieces that you enjoy doing the most.Outliers essay topics are not as challenging as they may seem. They are usually writing styles that are unique and original; this is part of what makes them such a challenge.

Monday, May 25, 2020

About the Perseid Meteor Shower

The Perseid meteor shower is one of the best-known showers in the year. Its one of the great astronomy events of Northern Hemisphere summer and Southern Hemisphere winter. It begins in late July and extends halfway through August, peaking around August 11 or 12th. When conditions are good, you might be able to see dozens of meteors per hour. It all really depends on the weather and what part of the meteor stream Earth moves through each year. Also, the viewing is best when theres no interference from the Moon, although you can still see the brighter meteors as they flash through the sky.   This year (2017) the peak of the shower occurs not long after full moon, so its light will wash out the view of the dimmer meteors. You will likely see a few bright meteors during this time, but dont buy into the hype about the best, the brightest shower.   Its hype and probably clickbait. Do your viewing armed with reasonable expectations and you will be rewarded (unless its cloudy).   What Causes the Perseids? The Perseid meteor shower is really material left behind by Comet Swift-Tuttle. It passes through our part of the solar system every 133 years. As it travels, this icy dirtball leaves behind tiny grains of ice, dust, rock, and other debris, similar to a messy tourist scattering debris from an automobile. As Earth makes its trip around the Sun, it passes through this debris field with some spectacular results, which we know as the Perseids. As Earth moves through the stream — which can stretch across 14 million to 120 million kilometers of interplanetary space —   its gravity interacts with the particles and spreads the stream out. As the comet passes by, it releases new bursts of particles, constantly refreshing the supply of material that will eventually collide with Earths atmosphere. The stream changes constantly, and this affects future Perseid meteor shower events. Sometimes Earth passes through rather thick areas of the stream, and that results in a heavy meteor shower. Other times, it traverses a thin part of the stream, and we dont see quite so many meteors.   Although there are many meteor showers annually, such as the Leonids, Lyrids, and Geminids, to name a few, the Perseid shower is the most reliable, and can be very spectacular if conditions are right. How it looks depends on several factors — ranging from whether the Moon is nearby (and bright enough to wash out the view) — to what part of the stream Earth encounters. The stream is not uniformly thick with particles, so some years the supply of materials might be less than others. In any given year, observers see anywhere from 50 to 150 meteors an hour on average, increasing at times to around 400 to 1,000 per hour.   The Perseid meteor shower, like other meteor showers, is named after the constellation from which it appears to radiate:  Perseus  (named after a Greek mythological hero)  which is located near Cassiopeia, the Queen. This is also called the radiant, since that is the direction the meteors seem to travel from as they streak across the sky. How Do I View the Perseid Meteor Shower? Meteor showers are easier to view than many other astronomical objects or events. All you need is a fairly dark location and a blanket or lawn chair. Always make sure you have a jacket handy, even if you live in a warm weather climate. Viewing late at night and early in the morning can expose you to some chilly temperatures. It may be useful to have a star chart  to help you locate Perseus, and other constellations while you’re watching, but it’s not a necessity. The shower is active from mid-July each year  when Earth enters the outer edges of the Swift-Tuttle stream.  The best viewing time varies but is often between 2:00 and 4:00 a.m. around the 12th of August. The actual peak time ranges from the 9th to the 14th and then tapers off after that. For August 2017, the best viewing time is after midnight early in the morning of August 12th. There will be some interference from the Moon, which will be just past full. But, you should still be able to see the brightest ones. Also, start watching a few nights before and continue a few nights after; Perseids happen for nearly three weeks. Find a good, safe viewing area where you can get a clear view of the sky. Arrive early to set up, and  give yourself time to adjust your eyes to the darkness. Then, just sit (or lie) back, relax, and enjoy the show. Most of the meteors will appear to radiate from the constellation Perseus, and streak across the sky. As you gaze, make note of the colors of the meteors as they streak through the sky. If you see bolides (larger streaks), note how long they take to traverse the sky  and notice their colors, too. The Perseids can be a very rewarding observing experience for anybody — from younger children to experienced stargazers.   Edited and expanded by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Economic Impact Of Tourism On Economic Impact On Tourism

Literature Review A summary of literature on economic impact of tourism has been depicted throughout this review to explore the methodologies used and their uses in estimating the economic impact of tourism. There is a need to conduct economic impact analysis of tourism – as tourism activity cannot be regarded as an isolated economic activity. A number of authors have contributed towards the area of EIA and have employed several methodologies covering input-output model, Keynesian multiplier model, social accounting matrix model and computable general equilibrium modelling The review search strategy was supplemented by making reference to existing literature reviews in the area of economic impact assessment (Reeves, 2002; Mazumder, Al-Amin†¦show more content†¦The findings of the study confirmed the cultural sector was a significant employer, and it highlighted differential earnings across the sector and  £5 billion was estimated to be generated through consumer expenditure (Reeves, 2002:9). In The Economic Importance of the Arts in Great Britain Myerscough (1988) demonstrated, through use of the multiplier, that direct spending on the arts led to spending in other sectors of the economy, which in turn enhanced wealth and job creation, and made cities appear more attractive to citizen and companies. The author points out some of the far-reaching impacts on the cultural sector and increased need for public funding. Policymakers have argued cultural industries can make an effective contribution to wealth creation, invisible exports and employment. Their potential for transforming many areas of existing practice, inspiring new producers, and for providing skills and competencies such as innovation, originality, creativity and problem-solving which could be effectively fostered for regional and local economies, was increasingly recognised (Reeves, 2002:10). Section Two - Visitor Spending Tourism has grown rapidly in the last two decades

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Holistic Marketing - 2527 Words

MKTG208 – Holistic Marketing Define and discuss the concept of holistic marketing. Your discussion should include the following: 1. Describe and analyze the ways holistic marketing can assist organizations to connect with customers. 2. Explain how holistic marketing can build brand/s. 3. Explain how holistic marketing can deliver and communicate value. The Holistic Marketing concept is based on the development, design and implementation of marketing programs, processes and activities that recognise their breadth and interdependencies. It is thus an approach that attempts to recognise and reconcile the scope and complexities of marketing activities (Kotler et. al, 2009). Holistic marketing recognises that the quality of†¦show more content†¦For example, Westfield shopping centres only operate within NSW. Product or brand management is commonly used by organizations that produce a variety of products or brands. An extra level of management is added to supervise the various categories or product areas that the business operates in. This presents an advantage for organizations such as Kraft, as it separates the product categories of cereal, pet food and beverages. (Kotler et. al, 2009) Similarly, instead of separating by product categories, market management organization uses a focus on user groups and market segments. For instance, a firm may sell to individual consumers, business and/or government. Integrated marketing is the coordination and integrating of all marketing communication tools, avenues, and sources within a company into a seamless program that maximises the impact on customers and other stakeholders at a minimal cost. (Kotler et. al, 2009) By directing Internal Integrated Marketing Communications (IIMC) towards their employees, firms are able to promote employee satisfaction, trust and commitment, thereby strengthening the firm-employee relationship and ultimately affecting profitability by enhancing customer satisfaction (Herington, Johnson and Scott 2006). Integrated marketing is based on a strategic marketing plan. The plan coordinates efforts in all components of the marketing mix. A complete integrated marketing plan starts with and incorporates every element of theShow MoreRelatedHolistic Marketing5174 Words   |  21 PagesHOLISTIC MARKETING INTRODUCTION: Holistic Marketing is a term used to describe a strategy that enables you to look at your marketing efforts as a whole , which in turn helps you develop an overall or holistic marketing plan. Most small businesses look at their marketing and select marketing formats to action that they are comfortable with, and therefore, omit to undertake or incorporate marketing actions that are less comfortable for them. What is holistic marketing?Read MoreMarketing : The Holistic Marketing Concept1392 Words   |  6 Pages Prior to this class, although I have some experience in a marketing type role, I thought of marketing as the process that was activated post product development and the vehicle to product/service promotion and advertisement to the marketplace. Through this class, I have a greater understanding of marketing, and realize promotion and advertisement is just a fraction of it, and has much more depth. Marketing begins at the beginning, and is integrated through to the end of the life cycle. It hasRead MoreMarketing Is The Holistic Approach975 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing is crucial to the success of a brand and is an encompassing set of processes facilitated for generating, communicating and bringing value to consumers. Moreover, marketing is about managing relationships with consumers in ways that benefit the organizations and its stakeholders. The marketing concept most widely used is the holistic approach. According to Kolter (2012) â€Å"This concept is based on the devel opment, design and implantation of marketing programs, processes, and activitiesRead MoreMarketing Is The Holistic Approach985 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing is crucial to the success of a brand and is an encompassing set of processes facilitated for generating, communicating and bringing value to consumers. Moreover, marketing is about managing relationships with consumers in ways that benefit the organizations and its stakeholders. The marketing concept most widely used is the holistic approach. According to Kolter (2012) â€Å"It is the concept based on the development, design and implantation of marketing programs, processes, and activitiesRead MoreIntroduction to the Concept of Holistic Marketing2531 Words   |  11 PagesHOLISTIC MARKETING Introduction to the Concept of Holistic Marketing Introduction : Definition, What is Marketed, Marketing Concepts, Trends in Marketing Practices   Holistic Marketing : Integrated Marketing, Internal Marketing, Relationship Marketing, Social Responsibility Marketing   Holistic Marketing Mix   Future of Marketing   Conclusion Introduction   Definition   The shortest definition of Marketing Management is Meeting Needs Profitably.   Whose Needs ? - The needs of the people, orRead MoreObjectives Of The Holistic Marketing Concept1880 Words   |  8 Pagesrevenue to examine the marketing scorecard and interpret what is happening to market share, customer loss rate, customer satisfaction, product quality, and other measures (Kotler, et al., 2013, p. 24). Fairfax must maintain strong relationships with this engaged audience. It is important that readers who purchase from the shop are provided with highest quality products and service. The products must excite the readers and be priced correctly. Increasingly, a key goal of marketing is to develop deep,Read MoreThe Four Components of Holistic Marketing Are.Doc2292 Words   |  10 PagesHolistic marketing concept is based on development, design, and implementation of marketing programs, processes, and activities that recognize their breadth and interdependencies.   Holistic marketing recognizes that everything matters with marketing   and that a broad, integrated perspective is necessary to attain the best solution   Four main compnents of holistic marketing are: relationship marketing - integrated marketing - internal marketing - and socially responsible marketing.   1. RelationshipRead MoreThe Key Insight That Helped Nike Develop Holistic Marketing Strategy? Essay842 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study Questions: 1 What was the key insight that helped Nike develop a holistic marketing strategy? Before the Internet era, Nike had already established itself. It had done well though TV ads and celebrities getting on board like Bo Jackson. However, when the new era came, it changed everything for Nike. They needed to be able to change with the new era. If millions of people use Facebook, IG, and Twitter, Nike needed to expose themselves in those areas as well. Therefore, they became moreRead MoreMarketing Concepts1469 Words   |  6 PagesLIST OF SIX MARKETING CONCEPTS Following are the six concepts of marketing †¢ Production concept †¢ Product concept †¢ Selling concept †¢ Marketing concept †¢ Societal marketing concept †¢ Holistic marketing concept THE PRODUCTION CONCEPT: DEFINITION BY KOTLER: â€Å"It is the idea that customers will favor products that are available and highly affordable and that the organization should therefore focus on improving production and distribution efficiency.† EXPLANATION: ThisRead MoreSummary Kotler Keller1275 Words   |  6 PagesSummary Part1 Chapter 1 Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. Marketing management is the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value. Marketers are skilled at managing demand: they seek

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

The Breast Screen Program Australia Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Breast Screen Program Australia. Answer: Introduction Breast screen Australia can be defined as the breast cancer screening program. The Breast screen Australia programs objective is to detect unsuspected breast cancer in women at an early stage by the process of screening mammography. The aim of the program is to reduce the number of deaths and illness caused by breast cancer. The aforementioned program entitles women who are aged 40 and above to free screening mammography every two years(Welch, Prorok, OMalley, Kramer, 2016). It has been estimated that breast cancer has affected a majority of women population in Australia and has been identified to be the most common type of cancer which has affected Australian women. According to the results of a survey, it has been identified that in the year 2013,9581 women in the age group of 50-74 in Australia had been diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Breast cancer has been identified as the single most common cause of death of Australian WOMEN after lung cancer. The program, Breast Screen Australia has been well received by the women of Australia and more than fifty percent of the female population in Australia has actively participated to get them screened. However, it can be said that the program has not had much effect on the indigenous population. Participation of Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait islanders in the program, Breast Screen Australia has been significantly low(Oeffinger, et al., 2015). Discussion: Breast Cancer Breast Cancer can be defined as one of the most common types of cancer which originates in the ducts of as well as in the lobules. However, in rare instances breast cancer can also originate in the in the connective tissue which connects the ducts and the lobules of the breast. It can be said that breast cancer happens to be the most common form of cancer affecting an average of one out of four women. However, the prevalence of the disease is more common in developed countries as compared to developing nations(Myers, et al., 2015). It can be said that according to the reports of Australian Institute of Health and Welfare that Breast cancer can be considered to the most common form cancer and which constitutes 28% of the types of cancer affecting women. Occurrence of Breast Cancer has been identified in 124 women per 10000 women in Australia(Zajac, 2016). The factors that cause Breast Cancer are not known however, many risk factors that aim breast cancer in women have been identified. One of the most prominent factors that causes breast cancer has been identified to be age. Occurrences of breast cancer are most common in women belonging to the age group of over 50. Hormonal and reproductive factors are also contributing causes of breast cancer(Freimanis Yacobozzi, 2014). Some of these factors include: not having given birth to children, giving birth at old age, menopause at an old age. Hormone replacement therapy and oral contraception have also been identified to increase a small risk of breast cancer(Mathew Sibbering, 2018). It can be stated that a family history of Breast can cancer can increase a womans chances of developing the same, however according to the report provided by Breast Cancer Australia 2015 it can be said that 8 out of 9 women who develop breast cancer do not have a mother or sister who is a victim of breast canc er. According to the research done by(trove.nla.gov.au, 2018)it can be sated that family history as a contributory factor of Cancer in Australia can be classified in three categories: Slight or average risk- 95 percent of the women population belongs in this category. The women in this category have no family history or a very weak family history of cancer. It can be said that nine out of ten women in this category are less likely to develop cancer. Moderate Risk- Less than four percent of the female population belongs in this category. Women in this category have a moderate risk of developing breast cancer due to a strong family history. Examples of such family history include first degree relatives on one side of the family. Potential High Risk- Less than one percent of the women fall in this category. Women who have a strong family history which includes first and second degree relatives on either side of the family and additional factors on the same side of the family. Impacts of Breast Screen Australia Breast Screening Detects Breast Cancer early It can be stated that free breast screening is available to the women population in Australia belonging to the age group of 50-74 years age group by the program Breast Screening Australia. The women population who belong to the age group of 40-49 are eligible to get tem screened, however they are not actively targeted(DeSantis, Ma, Bryan, Jemal, 2014). It can be stated that like other population based screening programs, Breast Screen Australia aims to detect unsuspected breast cancers which would have otherwise gone unnoticed. The programs aims to detect breast cancer by the use of screening mammograms and therefore reduce morbidity in women. Breast cancer in women allows them to access diagnostic and treatment services at an early stage. Detection of breast cancer at an early stage can even be cured with the latest treatment services available. In the process of screening mammography, radiologists review the images of each of the breast to detect any unsuspected or suspicious characteristics which require further inspection. The process of screening mammography is not however diagnostic in nature. Screening mammography has been found to be more effective in older women as their breasts become less dense after menopause. It is also one of the main reasons why women in the age group of over 50 are more prone to develop breast cance r. Such process of mammographic screening is not however considered to be effective in women who are younger than 40. This is because the breast tissue in younger women are more dense and therefore it becomes difficult to identify any development of cancerous cells. Breast Screening mammography decreases morbidity and morality It can be said according to (NBOCC 2009) that lower morbidity from breast cancer can be achieved by detection of the cancer at an early stage as it gives the patients the options to choose from the different treatment options available. As provided by the reports of NBOCC 2009, it can be stated that the program Breast Screen Australia has detected almost 59 percentage of the breast cancer occurrences in women. Only 28% of the all the occurrences of breast cancer has been detected outside the program. Treatment of breast cancers detected by Breast Screen Australia is done mostly by breast conserving surgery which is closely associated with decreased morbidity. Breast Screening effectively benefits mortality as detection of breast cancer at an early stage has been proved to increase survival rates among victims of cancer(Uicc.org., 2018). It had been estimated that effective breast screening programs has reduced the rates of mortality rates among women by 21 28% (Cancerscreening.gov.au, 2018). It can be said in accordance with the reports of International Agency for Research on Cancer 2015 that that mortality rates has been significantly reduced in Australia due to Screening Mammography. These benefits of mortality have been reflected on the women who have been targeted by the program Breast Screen Australia. Screening and re screening Mammography which is X-ray of the breast is the test that is used in breast screening. The active participation of women in the program Breast Screen Australia is an indicator of the programs performance. Women in Australia have also recognized the need to get them screened as they have realized the effects of breast screening to reduce morbidity and mortality. Participation of women in the program are measured over a time period of two years which is aligned with the two year recommend screening interval of the program. It can be stated that the percentage of women who return for a re- screening after the two year interval is also measured. However according to Breast Screen Australia program although the recommended screening interval is 24 months( two years), it is estimated that twenty seven months is a reasonable time period which is required to assess any new developments and women to respond to invitation to respond to such screening process(aihw.gov.au, 2018). Conclusion Thus to conclude it can be said that breast cancer is the most common form of cancer that affects women all over the world. Occurrences of breast cancer are common in women belong in the age group of 50 and above. Breast Cancer has been identified as the most common cause of death of female population in Australia after lung cancer. The program Breast Screen Australia has been initiated by the government of Australia to do mammography screening of women in every two years to detect any suspicious and unnoticed growth of cancerous cells in the mammary glands. The process however, is not diagnostic. Breast screen Australia has been well received by the majority of the population and the evidence of the same can be exhibited by the high rates of participation. Bibliography aihw.gov.au. (2018, March 25). Home - Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Retrieved from aihw.gov.au: https://www.aihw.gov.au/ Cancerscreening.gov.au. (2018, March 25). Cancer Screening - Breast Screening. . Retrieved from Cancerscreening.gov.au. : https://cancerscreening.gov.au/internet/screening/publishing.nsf/Content/breast-screening-1 DeSantis, C., Ma, J., Bryan, L., Jemal, A. (2014). Breast cancer statistics. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 64(1), 52-62. Freimanis, R. I., Yacobozzi, M. (2014). Breast cancer screening. North Carolina medical journal, 117-120. Mathew, J., Sibbering, M. (2018). Breast Cancer Screening. InBreast Cancer Management for Surgeons. Springer, Cham. Myers, E. R., Moorman, P., Gierisch, J. M., Havrilesky, L. J., Grimm, L. J., Ghate, S., Kendrick, A. (2015). Benefits and harms of breast cancer screening: a systematic review. Jama, 314(15), 1615-1634. Oeffinger, K. C., Fontham, E. T., Etzioni, R. H., Michaelson, J. S., Shih, Y. C., Wolf, A. M. (2015). Breast cancer screening for women at average risk: 2015 . guideline update from the American Cancer Society., 314(15), 1599-1614. trove.nla.gov.au. (2018, March 25). Breast cancer risk factors [electronic resource] : a review of the evidence / Gianluca Severi and Laura Baglietto. . Retrieved from trove.nla.gov.au: https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/28385849?selectedversion=NBD44716176 Uicc.org. (2018, March 25). 2014 World Cancer Congress Report available . Retrieved from Uicc.org. : https://www.uicc.org/2014-world-cancer-congress-report-available Welch, H. G., Prorok, P. C., OMalley, A. J., Kramer, B. S. (2016). Breast-cancer tumor size, overdiagnosis, and mammography screening effectiveness. New England Journal of Medicine,375(15), 1438-1447., 375(15), 1438-1447. Zajac, P. (2016). Breast Cancer Screening. Osteopathic Family Physician, 8(5). Kuchenbaecker, K. B., Hopper, J. L., Barnes, D. R., Phillips, K. A., Mooij, T. M., Roos-Blom, M. J., ... Goldgar, D. E. (2017). Risks of breast, ovarian, and contralateral breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.Jama,317(23), 2402-2416. Lauby-Secretan, B., Scoccianti, C., Loomis, D., Benbrahim-Tallaa, L., Bouvard, V., Bianchini, F., Straif, K. (2015). Breast-cancer screeningviewpoint of the IARC Working Group.New England Journal of Medicine,372(24), 2353-2358. Campbell, B. (2018).Beyond Breast Cancer: An exploration of the experiences of middle-aged female breast cancer survivors in Australia. Beckmann, K., Duffy, S. W., Lynch, J., Hiller, J., Farshid, G., Roder, D. (2015). Estimates of over-diagnosis of breast cancer due to population-based mammography screening in South Australia after adjustment for lead time effects.Journal of medical screening,22(3), 127-135.